How Hybrid Works

Hybrid-electric vehicles (HEVs) combine the benefits of gasoline engines and electric motors and can be configured to obtain different objectives, such as improved fuel economy, increased power, or additional auxiliary power for electronic devices and power tools.

Some of the advanced technologies typically used by hybrids include

• Regenerative Braking. The electric motor applies resistance to the drivetrain causing the wheels to slow down. In return, the energy from the wheels turns the motor, which functions as a generator, converting energy normally wasted during coasting and braking into electricity, which is stored in a battery until needed by the electric motor.
• Electric Motor Drive/Assist. The electric motor provides additional power to assist the engine in accelerating, passing, or hill climbing. This allows a smaller, more efficient engine to be used. In some vehicles, the motor alone provides power for low-speed driving conditions where internal combustion engines are least efficient.
• Automatic Start/Shutoff. Automatically shuts off the engine when the vehicle comes to a stop and restarts it when the accelerator is pressed. This prevents wasted energy from idling.

Can you tow with a hybrid?

Towing a Toyota Prius or Honda requires front wheels off the ground. Honda’s (manual transmission) can be towed with wheels on the ground, but it’s not recommended. Honda’s with CVT can be towed with wheels off the ground. Tow dollies are commonly used.

Toyota and Honda will say not to tow anything behind their hybrids. Except for the Insight, which has an aluminum frame, it’s done everyday. Prius and Civic Hybrid can tow with a tongue weight of less than 100 lbs and total trailer under 1000 lbs. (Just basic guidance; be careful.)

General Motors Two-Mode Hybrids, like the Chevy Tahoe, are specifically designed for full towing capabilities. Other SUV hybrids have adequate towing power. For example, the Ford Escape Hybrid and Lexus RX 400h have towing capacities of 1,000 pounds and 3,500 pounds respectively.

Tips for Hybrid Car Users

How often do hybrid batteries need replacing?

How often do hybrid batteries need replacing?

The hybrid battery packs are designed to last for the lifetime of the vehicle, somewhere between 150,000 and 200,000 miles, probably a whole lot longer. The warranty covers the batteries for between eight and 10 years, depending on the carmaker and the location.
Does hybrid vehicle battery need to be charged from out side? Hybrid vehicles batteries need not to be charged with electricity from outside. Battery is charged by the power supplied by the internal combustion engine while the vehicle is driven by it.

Does the hybrid cars need to change the battery?

Battery needs not to be replaced like a normal car battery unless it is damaged by an accident etc. Manufactures like Toyota and Honda say that battery is expected to last as long as the car last. However, any battery with aging will lose its capacity of holding electricity charge. Some experts predicts that the hybrid car battery will last at least 15 years though it is not official.

Quite and smooth run. Hybrid vehicles are quite and smooth while running because it combines two sources of power.

More km. Some hybrid vehicles run as twice km as what other normal petrol engine vehicles run. See below some details of hybrid vehicles available from Japan.

Is maintenance more expensive with a hybrid?

Maintaining a hybrid doesn’t cost any more than a conventional car, and may even cost less due to decreased wear and tear on the engine and braking system. You might want to take your hybrid to a dealer, especially considering that automakers offer longer warranties on emission components and battery pack.

Dealer service centers do usually charge a little more, but now that there are nearly 2 million hybrids on U.S. roads, many friendly neighborhood mechanics are now familiar with hybrids and are well trained to handle maintenance.

How do hybrids cars work?

Instead of relying solely on a gasoline internal combustion engine, hybrids use both a gas engine and electric motors. The energy used by the electric motors are stores in rechargeable batteries. The ability to partially use electricity as a fuel means that you burn less gasoline. The computer system on a hybrid makes the decisions about which energy source to use at different times, based on maximizing efficiency while providing the same level of safety and comfort as conventional cars.

Sri Lanka allows electric cars, hybrids duty free

The hybrid car is a technology that has been around in form since cars were introduced in the 19th century, as most vehicles use a combination of energy sources for power. All cars, for example, have a battery that starts the car and can power the car’s accessories, including headlights. In the late 1990s, a hybrid car with more power began to be considered a viable and popular alternative to conventional gasoline-only vehicles, and several models broke out onto the market and became popular sellers.

In short, a hybrid car is a vehicle that utilizes two types of technologies for energy. This could be a bus that uses electrical power through overhead lines and diesel power to run an engine, for example. However, the term “hybrid car” usually refers to an automobile that has both a conventional gas engine and a bank of batteries, and shares the demand for power between these two sources.

Hybrid cars work in a variety of ways. The most basic hybrid car is powered by a gas engine, but also keeps a charge in a bank of batteries. Many hybrid cars also use regenerated energy captured through braking to charge their batteries. The car will switch between gasoline and battery power as it sees fit. For example, when there is minimal demand on the engine, the car will stop using gas altogether and switch to battery power. Some drivers say it is a little unnerving to hear their car turn off until they hit the gas pedal again.

Some companies have gone further with hybrid car technology by building cars that can be plugged in at night to charge batteries that can power the vehicle for up to 150 miles (241 km) before needing to switch over to the gas engine. For most short trips, this is perfectly suitable, and it’s a great way to mix cleaner electrically powered cars with their longer range gas guzzling cousins. Many companies are beginning to build hybrid cars that use alternative energy sources, such as hydrogen hybrid cars, in the hopes of encouraging consumers to switch over to more sustainable energy sources. Of course, energy conscious consumers could always bicycle or take a bus, but purchasing a hybrid car is a great place to start.

Is Sri Lanka ready for Hybrid cars?

The Hybrid car or as some may refer to it as the car of the future, which seems to have invaded Sri Lankan roads, may have a few hiccups in store for its local users in terms of repairs, spare parts and maintenance, according to industry experts. They say that at present there are no qualified personal to repair defaults in the cars electronic system and emphasized the fact that this car may not be suitable for our country’s climatic conditions. Mirror Business also attempts to answer some questions our readers may have, the Nature of the car, How does it work? Is it truly cost-effective to use? How safe is it? And most of all who do we go to, in case there is a breakdown? and several other questions that you may have, if you’ve got your eyes on a Hybrid car or own one already.

We spoke to Lal Alawatta who is a qualified automobile engineer and the Managing Director of Lal Alawatta Associates in Battaramulla, to get an idea about the background of the car.

Speaking about the car he said, it came in to use in the 80’s and became very popular by late 90’s in western countries. With regard to Sri Lanka, it is just in, with about 200 reconditioned cars in the country. When asked about the technology used in the car he said, it uses a petrol engine and electrically powered motors which are operated by a battery.

“It is an electrically powered drive motor which uses a large battery pack,” he said. “When the engine idles, for an example in a traffic block, the engine will stop and then it will change over to the battery. “These are all computerized. Furthermore, if we are cruising at one particular speed without any load, the same change over would take place. All these changeovers occur through the computer,” he pointed out.

According to Alawatta, if we require more power from the vehicle such as when overtaking, accelerating from a stand still or climbing a hill, the vehicle will run on the petrol engine. “This too is computer-operated he noted. He further went on to say that there are two main types of models. In one model, the battery is charged when the car is in operation as in any other car. In more advanced models, there is the ability to charge the battery through an external power source, while the car is at a stand still,” he said.

Technology transfer
According to Alawatta the car contains a Lithium Dry Cell battery with a life span of 5-10 years, and comes at a cost of about Rs.1 million. He also observed that there is a trend for many models to adopt the Hybrid technology.

“Hyundai is attempting to create Hybrid cars, and within the next couple of months, there will be Mercedes Benz and BMW Hybrid cars coming to Sri Lanka,” he pointed out. However, Sri Lanka is still not geared for repairs of these cars. But in the future, that too will be possible, he noted. “In the past, people were not interested in front wheel driven cars and automatic transmission, but now we see almost every other car with this technology. Likewise, Sri Lanka will definitely adapt to this, but there will be a delay in the technology transfer to countries such as Sri Lanka,” he said.

There are advantages as well disadvantages of having these cars. The advantages according to Alawatta are the obvious economic benefits and the low rate of tax when importing the car which is about 15%. The main disadvantages are the high repair cost, lack of driving pleasure, incompetent staff to handle technical defaults and the lack of spare parts.

Speaking about the costs of the car he said it’s about Rs.3-4 million. “The two main brands Toyota and Honda has fuel consumption of approximately 20-25 km per liter,” he added.

What Honda agents got to say?

Mirror Business spoke to Sanjeeve Gooneratne, General Manager of Stafford Motor Co. (Pvt) Ltd., to get his views on the Honda Hybrid car. Sanjeeve mentioned that there are so many used hybrids imported on a daily basis to the country mainly from Japan and now they are even getting down cars from UK at a cheaper Cost, Insurance and Freight (CIF) and the main models are the Civic and the Insight. “We as the sole distributor for Honda products in the country, import only the brand-new versions to go in line with the climatic and road conditions. We don’t recommend reconditioned vehicles.”

 When asked about the technical assistance Honda Hybrid users could get from Stafford, Sanjeeve said that they are in the process of getting the required equipment organized and sending staff for further training. “We need to do so much more prior to the launch, if Honda Japan is to be convinced and give us the green light,” he noted. “We can service the Hybrid like any other Honda, but we cannot give any assurance with regard to any repairs of used cars imported from various countries.” He emphasized that they are in the process of obtaining the necessary expertise and equipment even to go that extra mile of fulfilling the requirements of a used car owner in time to come.

Sanjeeve went on to say that because of the high fuel efficiency and the low tax rates, companies will also encourage their employees to go for a Hybrid, once the Brand New vehicles come to the market

The viewpoint of Toyota, Sri Lanka
The Managing Director of Toyota Lanka (Pvt) Ltd, Yoshiaki Kato shared some insights about the Toyota Hybrid vehicle which is the Prius. Kato said that the Prius hybrid known as Hybrid Synergy Drive (HSD) system combines different power sources to maximize each one’s strengths, while compensating for the others’ shortcomings. “The car is almost soundless when driving and the main feature is its fuel efficiency and environmental-friendliness,” he added.

One version of the Prius actually does approximately 38 liters per Km he said. “We are not importing the Prius as yet because we will not get the go ahead from Toyota Motor Corporation (TMC) until we properly train and educate our staff as to how they should handle the vehicle,” Kato said. He added that they are not aware of the suitability of the cars presently imported to Sri Lanka by outside dealers, since those cars are designed for Japanese roads and climate conditions.

“We hope to bring down a few cars suitable for our road and climatic conditions and test them under the local climatic conditions, so that we can get an idea as to how the car performs under our hot and humid conditions,” Kato pointed out. When asked about the battery of the car, he noted that it contains a voltage of 201.6 DC and this voltage is stepped up to 500 to 650 AC three phase voltage by the converter assembly to supply power to the electric motors and he added that handling this would need specialized knowledge.

Prius Vs. Insight
The Honda’s power train is the more conventional of the two. A 13-hp electric motor is sandwiched between the 1.3-liter four-cylinder engine and continuously variable transmission. As a result, Honda’s engine must turn when the car is moving. When cruising at light speeds, the Insight can shut down the engine, but it still rotates. The VTEC system closes the valves to minimize the pumping losses associated with turning the engine. A 0.6-kilowatt-hour nickel-metal-hydride battery stores the energy recovered during braking.

The Toyota, in comparison, employs a pair of electric motors and a planetary continuously variable transmission (CVT) to link them with the 1.8-liter gas engine. This gearbox allows several energy paths. Under hard acceleration, the 80-hp main electric motor assists the gas engine. Under light loads and moderate acceleration, however, the Prius shuts off the gas engine and moves under electric-only power. There’s a dash-mounted Electric Vehicle (EV) switch that provides about a mile of electric-only range, which is limited by the capacity of the 1.3-kwh NiMH battery.

Though these cars differ mechanically, externally they look alike. Both cars benefit from extensive aerodynamic development. Honda hasn’t released the Insight’s drag coefficient figure, but it’s probably close to the Prius’s 0.25. The Prius is, however, a bigger car. Its 106.3-inch wheelbase is nearly 6 inches longer than the Insight’s.

Car manufacturers across the globe have initiated plans to introduce Hybrid cars in to the market. Alawatta mentioned that not only Japanese but also European, Chinese and Indian manufacturers do not want to be left behind in the largest and fastest-growing market in the world.

European giants such as Mercedes Bens, Jaguar, Peugeot and Renault and Indian manufacturers Tata and Mahindra and Mahindra (M&M) are also to unveil their versions of the Hybrid vehicle in the coming years.